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Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs of the lungs and makes it hard to breathe. Learn about the types, stages, symptoms , causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of pneumonia . Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung primarily affecting the small air sacs known as alveoli. [3][14] Symptoms typically include some combination of productive or dry cough, chest pain, fever, and difficulty breathing. [15] The severity of the condition is variable. [15] Pneumonia is usually caused by infection with viruses or bacteria, and less commonly by other microorganisms. [a] Identifying the responsible pathogen can be difficult. Diagnosis is often based on symptoms and ... Learn how to recognize the initial symptoms of pneumonia , such as fever, coughing, headache, and muscle pain, and when to seek medical attention. This article provides evidence-based information and tips for healthy lungs. The symptoms of pneumonia can range from mild to severe, and include cough, fever, chills, and trouble breathing. Many factors affect how serious a case of pneumonia is, including what caused the infection, the person's age, and their overall health.