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Ancient Mesopotamia, the land of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, now lies mostly in modern Iraq and northeastern Syria, together with southeastern Turkey and western Iran. Mesopotamia is the region within the Tigris and Euphrates rivers that hosted the earliest large-scale civilizations (Sumeria, Akkadia, Assyria, and Babylon) Map showing the extent of Mesopotamia The Civilization of Mesopotamia ranges from the earliest human occupation in the Paleolithic period up to Late antiquity. This history is pieced together from evidence retrieved from archaeological excavations and, after the introduction of writing in the late 4th millennium BC, an increasing amount of historical sources. Mesopotamia has been home to many of the oldest major civilizations, entering history from the Early Bronze Age, for which reason it ... It was home to some of the world’s earliest cities, governments, writing systems, and empires. Located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in what is now modern-day Iraq, Mesopotamia gave rise to powerful cultures like the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians.