Harlequin-type ichthyosis is a severe genetic disorder that causes thickened, cracked skin and abnormal facial features at birth. It is caused by mutations in the ABCA12 gene and affects 1 in 300,000 births. Harlequin ichthyosis is a severe, lifelong condition that affects a newborn's skin causing dry, scaly skin. Read on for the signs, symptom, causes, and more. Harlequin ichthyosis is a rare, genetic skin disorder that affects newborns' entire face and body with thick, scaly plaques. It can cause breathing, feeding, and hearing problems, and requires intensive care and medication. Harlequin fetus, also known as Harlequin ichthyosis, is a severe congenital condition that causes thick, rigid scales on the skin. Learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and implications of this rare disorder.