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Botanical Survey of India Howrah http:Wwww.bsienvis.nic.in Pteridophytes, a natural group of plant kingdom, are represented by Ferns (Moniliophytes) and Fern-allies (Lycophytes). Like flowering plants they possess vascular system for conduction of water, hormones and nutrients but do not produce flowers and fruits for reproduction, however, their reproductive organs are hidden as in algae and bryophytes. Hence, they are also termed as vascular cryptogams. Ferns are incredible prehistoric plants that make charming additions to outdoor and indoor gardens. Learn about all fern types and species! The ferns (Polypodiopsida or Polypodiophyta) are a group of vascular plants (land plants with vascular tissues such as xylem and phloem) that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers. They differ from non-vascular plants (mosses, hornworts and liverworts) by having specialized transport bundles that conduct water and nutrients from and to the roots, as well as life cycles in which the branched sporophyte is the dominant phase. [3] Ferns have complex leaves called megaphylls ... Fern - Medicinal, Ornamental, Food: Many species are a source of food and medicine. The greatest economic value is in horticulture and biological research. The typical fern, a sporophyte, consists of stem, leaf, and root, usually perennial, and reproduces vegetatively. The spores are on the fronds, dispersed by wind and then if they germinate form prothallia.
