Article 13 of indian constitution: The aforementioned amendment added a novel

The aforementioned amendment added a novel clause (4) to Article 13 that expressly states that constitutional amendments ratified under Article 368 are not to be considered laws in the sense of Article 13 of Indian Constitution . The Supreme Court, in the case of Keshavananda Bharti, upheld the constitutional validity of the 24th Amendment. The Court, in this case, said that the individual' is at the heart of the Indian Constitution , and as far as any law affected the individual, it could fall under Article 13 (3). Article 13 (4) This clause was inserted by the 24th constitutional amendment act of 1971. This constitutional amendment was passed to override the effect of Golak Nath v. Article 13 reserve and preserve the fundamental rights of the citizen, protecting from laws that may otherwise infringe upon our freedom. Article 13 requires that all amendments and laws passed by the Parliament are tested based on their validity under the Indian Constitution . Highlighting the transformative character of the Constitution , Anamika Mishra decodes Article 13 , peeling it Clause by Clause. The underlying theme of the article also reflects on judicial review and its affect on ...