SGPT is an abbreviation of Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase , also referred to as Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT). It is a liver-secreted enzyme. SGPT assists in breaking down proteins and plays a crucial role in fueling the body with energy derived from food. Normally, SGPT remains within liver cells. SGPT is an enzyme that indicates liver health and damage. Learn about the purpose, procedure, price, and normal range of SGPT test, and the causes and symptoms of high SGPT levels. SGPT – Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase . It is an enzyme having prime localization in the liver and also is involved in the metabolism of amino acids. Under various pathological conditions of the liver, SGPT gets elevated in the serum, making it one of the primary markers of liver dysfunction.