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Learn how electrons are filled in atomic orbitals according to the Aufbau principle , which states that electrons occupy orbitals in increasing order of energy. Find out the exceptions, the (n+l) rule, and how to write electron configurations using the Aufbau principle . In atomic physics and quantum chemistry, the Aufbau principle (/ ˈaʊfbaʊ /, from German: Aufbauprinzip, lit. ' building-up principle '), also called the Aufbau rule, states that in the ground state of an atom or ion, electrons first fill subshells of the lowest available energy, then fill subshells of higher energy. Learn the definition and rules of the Aufbau principle , which states that electrons fill atomic orbitals of the lowest available energy level in the ground state of an atom or ion. See examples of hydrogenic and multi-electron atoms/ions and how to apply Hund's rule and exchange interaction. Electronic Configuration of Sulphur and Nitrogen - Aufbau Principle Diagram and Features According to the Aufbau Principle , electrons are filled in order of increasing energies in their ground state. The atomic orbital with the lowest energy level occupies first, compared to higher energy levels.
